Study Reveals Stronger Asian Elephant Population in Cambodia Than Previously Believed

PHNOM PENH, Cambodia (AP) — According to a genetic study of Asian elephants in northern Cambodia released on Thursday, the population appears to be bigger and healthier than earlier believed. This discovery has raised hope for the gradual recovery of this endangered species.

Scientists from the Fauna & Flora preservation organization gathered specimens from elephant droppings in Cambodia’s northern savannas and analyzed the DNA. This allowed them to recognize distinct individuals, gauge the herd's size, ascertain the gender of the creatures, and evaluate the total genetic variation within the community.

Based on their research, they determined that there are approximately 51 elephants residing within the Prey Lang, Preah Roka, and Chhaeb Wildlife Sanctuaries. The study highlighted that these populations exhibit higher genetic diversity—a "key element for sustained survival," according to the scientists—compared to elephant groups living in two other regions of the nation.

"Given enough appropriate habitat still available in the area, the population could expand if adequately safeguarded," the report states.

It is estimated that around 400 to 600 Asian elephants still survive today. living in the wild In Cambodia, researchers indicated that the study’s results highlight the possibility of the northern region becoming a "national stronghold" for these species. This could significantly support Cambodia's objectives for conserving biodiversity.

"Pablo Sinovas, who directs Fauna & Flora in Cambodia, expressed to The Associated Press that habitat degradation, particularly when causing fragmentation, remains a significant issue," he stated.

This research offers a solid foundation for guiding conservation initiatives and managing landscapes.

The research, funded by USAID and Britain’s People’s Postcode Lottery, was carried out in partnership with Cambodia's Ministry of Environment. Genetic analysis took place at the Royal University of Phnom Penh, with technical assistance provided by the Royal Zoological Society of Scotland.

The study took place during the 2020-21 dry season; however, Sinovac noted that due to the slow reproduction rate of elephants, it is unlikely that the population size has shifted considerably since then.

Researchers aim to reproduce the study in different parts of Cambodia and in other nations like nearby Vietnam, where Asian elephant populations are scattered across disjointed habitats.

"We were extremely pleased with the outcome of the project," stated Alex Ball, the conservation manager at the Royal Zoological Society of Scotland.

Now, our aim is to broaden this approach throughout Cambodia and further regions, contributing to a more precise understanding of the population sizes of Asian elephants. This insight will guide us in determining the most effective strategies to aid in reversing their declining numbers.

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Rising reported from Bangkok

Sopheng Cheang and David Rising with The Associated Press